See levayn in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "leaven"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "leaven"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "leven"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "levin"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "liven"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "laven"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
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"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "leaven"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
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},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
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},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "liven"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "leaven"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
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"word": "leaven"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
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},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "levin"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "liven"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "leven"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "leaven"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "leven"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "levin"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "liven"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "levin"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "leveen"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "lawveen"
},
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lefain"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "fro:levain<ety:der<la-vul:*levāmen>>",
"text": "*",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁lengʷʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-us\nProto-Indo-European *h₁léngʰusder.\n▲\nProto-Italic *breɣʷisinflu.?\nProto-Italic *leɣʷis\nLatin levis\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin levō\nProto-Indo-European *-mn̥\nProto-Italic *-mn̥\nLatin -men\nVulgar Latin *levāmender.\nOld French levainbor.\nMiddle English levayn\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"lift\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"light\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"light\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"lightweight\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"light\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁lengʷʰ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"Caland system\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-us\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁léngʰus\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"short\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*breɣʷis\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*leɣʷis\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"levis\", \"gloss\" : \"light, not heavy\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"levō\", \"gloss\" : \"raise\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-mn̥\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-mn̥\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-men\", \"lang\" : \"la\", \"pos\" : \"noun-forming suffix\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Vulgar Latin\", \"term\" : \"*levāmen\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-vul\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"levain\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"levayn\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"levayn\">\nBorrowed from Old French levain, from Vulgar Latin *levāmen.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁lengʷʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-us\nProto-Indo-European *h₁léngʰusder.\n▲\nProto-Italic *breɣʷisinflu.?\nProto-Italic *leɣʷis\nLatin levis\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin levō\nProto-Indo-European *-mn̥\nProto-Italic *-mn̥\nLatin -men\nVulgar Latin *levāmender.\nOld French levainbor.\nMiddle English levayn\nBorrowed from Old French levain, from Vulgar Latin *levāmen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "leaven",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "leven",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "leveyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lewan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "levyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "levayn",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "levayn (uncountable)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Foods",
"orig": "enm:Foods",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"leaven"
],
"id": "en-levayn-enm-noun-TLZ5Xe8e",
"links": [
[
"leaven",
"leaven"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sour dogh"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɛˈvæi̯n/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɛːˈvæi̯n/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɛːvin/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɛvin/"
}
],
"word": "levayn"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "leaven"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "leaven"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "leven"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "levin"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "liven"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "laven"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "leaven"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "leven"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "levin"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "liven"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "leaven"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "leaven"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "leven"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "levin"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "liven"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "leven"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "leaven"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "leven"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "levin"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "liven"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "levin"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "leveen"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "lawveen"
},
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lefain"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "fro:levain<ety:der<la-vul:*levāmen>>",
"text": "*",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁lengʷʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-us\nProto-Indo-European *h₁léngʰusder.\n▲\nProto-Italic *breɣʷisinflu.?\nProto-Italic *leɣʷis\nLatin levis\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin levō\nProto-Indo-European *-mn̥\nProto-Italic *-mn̥\nLatin -men\nVulgar Latin *levāmender.\nOld French levainbor.\nMiddle English levayn\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"lift\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"light\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"light\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"lightweight\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"light\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁lengʷʰ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"Caland system\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-us\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁léngʰus\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"short\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*breɣʷis\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*leɣʷis\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"levis\", \"gloss\" : \"light, not heavy\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"levō\", \"gloss\" : \"raise\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-mn̥\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-mn̥\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-men\", \"lang\" : \"la\", \"pos\" : \"noun-forming suffix\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Vulgar Latin\", \"term\" : \"*levāmen\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-vul\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"levain\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"levayn\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"levayn\">\nBorrowed from Old French levain, from Vulgar Latin *levāmen.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁lengʷʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-us\nProto-Indo-European *h₁léngʰusder.\n▲\nProto-Italic *breɣʷisinflu.?\nProto-Italic *leɣʷis\nLatin levis\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin levō\nProto-Indo-European *-mn̥\nProto-Italic *-mn̥\nLatin -men\nVulgar Latin *levāmender.\nOld French levainbor.\nMiddle English levayn\nBorrowed from Old French levain, from Vulgar Latin *levāmen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "leaven",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "leven",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "leveyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lewan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "levyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "levayn",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "levayn (uncountable)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with etymology texts",
"Middle English entries with etymology trees",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Middle English terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁lengʷʰ-",
"Middle English uncountable nouns",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
"enm:Foods"
],
"glosses": [
"leaven"
],
"links": [
[
"leaven",
"leaven"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sour dogh"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɛˈvæi̯n/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɛːˈvæi̯n/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɛːvin/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɛvin/"
}
],
"word": "levayn"
}
Download raw JSONL data for levayn meaning in Middle English (8.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (03da280 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.